Effect of Indochina in Southeast Asia

 Experts today argue that the Austronesian migration is likely to occur in a much older age, migration has been taking place from the period 6000 BC to the beginning of our era. Due to the insistence of the movement got peoples in central Asia, the developer of the Austronesian culture migrated and settled in the region of Yunnan, an area in South China. Then they gradually spread throughout mainland Southeast Asia meet to reach the shore. During his life in mainland Southeast Asia region while developing a culture obtained in their life experiences.In around 3000-2500 BC, Austronesian people began to sail across the sea to the island of Taiwan and the Philippines. Austronesian Diaspora continues until the year 2500 BC they began to enter Sulawesi, Borneo and other islands in the vicinity. In around 2000 BC chances they had reached the Moluccas and Papua . In the same time it is also the Austronesian people of mainland Southeast Asia is gradually into the Malay Peninsula and the islands of the western part of Indonesia. Migration towards the islands in the Pacific continued until about the year 500 BC to the beginning of our era counted.When the migration has begun rarely done, and people have settled by Austronesian steady in some areas of Southeast Asia, there is an opportunity to further develop a better culture again. Based on the findings of the artifact, can be interpreted to mean that between the 5th century BC to the 2nd century AD, there is a cultural form of art based on the versatility of bronze castings, called the Dong -son culture. Naming was given on the basis of a wealth of Dong -son site in a variety of artifacts, all bronze artifacts were found in large numbers in various forms. Dong -son is actually the name of the site that are in the area of ​​Thanh - hoa, in the coastal region of Annam ( northern Vietnam ). The results are characterized by bronze artifacts ornament Dong -son found widespread scattered throughout most of Southeast Asia, from Myanmar to the Kei islands in eastern Indonesia.
A. Culture ORIGINAL SOUTH EAST ASIA ( Austronesian culture )Variety of bronze artifacts have characteristic Dong -son culture , for example nekara in various sizes , moko ( bronze drums ) , candrasa ( ceremonial ax ) , short sword , cutting blades , vessels , dolls , shoes and ax . The main characteristic of Dong -son bronze artifact is rich with ornaments , even on some of the artifacts covered almost entirely full of ornaments . It shows that the makers , the Dong -son ( the artist ) has a high aesthetic taste ( Wagner 1995: 25-26 ) . Proficiency art cast bronze and the addition of ornaments form is then transmitted to all contemporary artists in the Southeast Asian region , therefore the Dong -son bronze artifacts can be considered as one of the fastener civilization of Southeast Asian nations .Cultural historian named JLABrandes ever perform in-depth study of the cultural development of Southeast Asia in the proto -historic period . Brandes stated that the residents of the Southeast Asian mainland or islands has had 10 intelligence which extends beginning of our era before the advent of foreign influence , namely :

    1 . Has been able to make the figure doll
    2 . Developing the art of decorative ornaments
    3 . Knowing foundry
    4 . Implement barter trade
    5 . Knowing musical instruments
    6 . Understanding astronomy
    7 . Mastering the techniques of navigation and shipping
    8 . Uses oral tradition in conveying knowledge
    9 . Mastering the techniques of irrigation
    10 .. It has been know that regular public governance
The achievement of civilization can be expanded again after the recent studies about the ancient cultures of Southeast Asia that has been done by G.Coedes . Some achievements Austronesian inhabitants of Southeast Asia before the entry of outsider culture .In the field of material culture has been able to :

    • Proficiency cultivating the fields , even in the form of terassering with fairly advanced irrigation techniques
    • Develop a buffalo and cattle farms
    • Have used metal equipment
    • Mastering properly navigation
Achievement in the social sphere :

    • Appreciate the role of women and take into offspring by the mother
    • Develop a system of organization of agriculture with irrigation settings
Achievement in the field of religion :

    • Glorifying high places as holy and sacred locations
    • The cult of the ancestors / progenitor ( ancestor worship )
    • Know the second burial ( secondary burial ) in a bowl, crock , or sarcophagus .


B. DEVELOPING TRUST INDIA AND CHINA AFTER ARRIVALPrior to China's growing Indian influence in Southeast Asia , people have to know and have confidence , that the worship of ancestral spirits and large objects ( animism and dynamism ) . When religion and Hindu-Buddhist culture to grow and flourish , Indonesia began to embrace the Hindu-Buddhist elements despite the genuine belief that lingers Hindu - Buddhist beliefs mixed with elements of the worship of ancestral spirits . It looks at the function of the temple in Southeast Asia , especially Indonesia .
C. EFFECT OF POLITICAL INDIA AND CHINAThe spread of Hindu - Buddhist influence in Southeast Asia changed the pattern of community life in the region , especially in the political , religious , and social . Includes government and political life of the community setting . Religious life style reflected the belief and ritual . Social life includes structuring groups in society . In Hindu - Buddhist , very sacred kingship that can not be equated with ordinary people . King has been determined by the gods , even the king can be placed as a son or incarnation of god . The position of the king in Hindusime expressed in terms Devaraja ( king who became a god ) . In Buddhism expressed as cakravartin king ( ruler of the universe ) .KINGDOM - HINDU - BUDDHIST patterned KINGDOM IN SOUTHEAST ASIA :

    = > Funan - now Kampuchea , centered at Oc - eo - Phnom Penh southeast ( 100-613 BC ) . Trading center in the middle of the commercial lines of India and China .

    = > Chenia - now Kampuchea , centered in Vyadapura - Kompong Thom province ( 550-800 AD ) . Had an attack of the royal dynasty ( Java ) so that the center moved inland empire .

    = > Champa - now Vetnam , centered in Indrapura - Quang Nam province ( 600 -900 AD ) . Seize parts of Chenla to include Laos and Kampuchea .

    = > Dvaravati - now Thailand , centered in Nakhon Pathon - northeast Bangkok (600 - 1000 AD ) . Under the rule of the Khmer Empire .

    = > Khmer - now Kampuchea , centered on Angkor - Phnom Penh north (800 - 1200 AD ) . Covering Burma and Indochina .

    = > Chart - now Myanmar , centered in Bagan - north of Yangon (1000 - 1200 AD ) . Collapsed by assault troops under the leadership of Kublai Khan's Mongol .
india - china flagImage : India - China

D. EFFECT OF SOCIAL LIFE IN INDIASocial life of the people in Southeast Asia with the times there . This is because the people of Southeast Asia accept with open elements that come from the outside , but its development has always adapted to the Austronesian tradition . The entry of Indian influence in Southeast Asia led to begin the implementation of the punishment against violators of regulations or laws are also enforced . Laws and regulations indicate that a society that has been organized and neat . Indonesian society is also seen in the system of mutual help . In the development of the social life of society stratified by caste and position in society ( getting to know the caste system ) .
E. EFFECT IN CHINA ECONOMYThe economy of Southeast Asian nations existed before the arrival of the western nations . Namely that a Silk Road overland route that originated from China across Southeast Asia and last until the middle of the sea . Travel to Europe continued with the ship . The second path is a path that starts from the Chinese sea , through Southeast Asia and East Asia also ending in . Motor of the sea lanes are winds changing direction on a regular basis as the season winds every year . As a result of these sea lanes appeared important trading cities ( emporium ) such as Aden , Bandar Abas , Calicut , Malacca , Cantonese , and so on . Malacca was an important major port in Southeast Asia are estimated to have been established around 1400 and is a trading port which has large warehouses . Commodities are primarily traded spices from the Moluccas , pepper from Sumatra , Java rice . There are also other important ports such as Banten , Tuban , Gresik , Surabaya . The port authorities remain in the fortified city for the sake of security . They receive tribute or taxes from the merchants in the city harbor .